Sulphate (SO₄²⁻) is a chemical compound that consists of sulfur and oxygen. It is commonly found in nature as part of minerals, salts, and dissolved ions in water. Sulphates occur naturally in soil, water, and rocks, and they play an essential role in biological and chemical processes. They are widely used in industries such as fertilizers, detergents, pharmaceuticals, and water treatment. Some common sulphate compounds include sodium sulphate, magnesium sulphate (Epsom salt), and calcium sulphate (gypsum). While sulphates are generally safe, high concentrations in water can cause a bitter taste and may have laxative effects. In environmental contexts, sulphates can contribute to acid rain when released from industrial emissions. They are also used in medicine for therapeutic purposes, such as magnesium sulphate in muscle relaxation. Overall, sulphates are an important class of compounds with diverse applications in both natural and industrial processes.