Reverse Osmosis (RO) water treatment involves the use of specialized chemicals to enhance system efficiency and longevity. Key chemicals include antiscalants, which prevent scale formation on membranes by inhibiting mineral precipitation; biocides, which control microbial growth and biofilm formation; and membrane cleaners, which remove fouling and restore performance. pH adjusters, like citric acid or sodium hydroxide, are used to optimize water chemistry, while dechlorination agents (e.g., sodium bisulfite) protect membranes from chlorine damage. These chemicals ensure optimal RO operation, improve water quality, and extend membrane life, making them essential for maintaining the effectiveness of RO systems in industrial, commercial, and residential applications.